Every year several million women approach childbirth knowing that the risk will be greater because some or all of their genitalia has been cut away by the traditional practice of female genital mutilation (FGM).
Approximately 2 million girls are mutilated every year. Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, Somalia, and the Sudan account for 75 per cent of all cases. In Djibouti and Somalia, 98 per cent of girls are mutilated.

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is a cultural practice that started in Africa approximately 2000 years ago. It is primarily a cultural practice, not a religious practice. as in somalia is cultural practice is not a religious practice.

Somali people are mostly believe Islam, so that the Islam is prohibited the FGM. The Qur'an does not contain any call for FGM, but a few hadith (sayings attributed to the Prophet Muhammad) refer to it. In one case, in answer to a question put to him by 'Um 'Attiyah (a practitioner of FGM), the Prophet is quoted as saying ''made for booldy but do not cut or destroy'' this is Sunna Circumcision.

Female Genital Mutilation is the for removal of all or just part of the external parts of the female genitalia. This known as pharaonic circumcision.

Genital mutilation can make intercourse an ordeal for women. It can be extremely painful, and even dangerous, if the woman has to be cut open; for some women, intercourse remains painful.

This cutting is made mostly in somalia a variety of ages, ranging from shortly after birth or commonly occurs between the ages of five and seven years.

There are Three different types of Circumcision that mostly done in somalia:
1. Sunna Circumcision : consists of the removal of the prepuce(retractable fold of skin, or hood) and /or the tip of the clitoris. Sunna in Arabic means "tradition".
2. Clitoridectomy : consists of the removal of the entire clitoris (prepuce and glands) and the removal of the adjacent labia.
3. Infibulations (pharonic circumcision): consists of performing a Clitoridectomy (removal of all or part of the labia minora, the labia majora). This is then stitched up allowing a small hole to remain open to allow for urine and menstrual blood to flow through.

The third one 90% done for Somali women and girls, with out the care of medically trained people, due to poverty and lack of medical facilities. The use of anesthesia is rare or we can say not used. The girl is held down by older women to prevent the girl from moving around.

The instruments used by Somali traditional the mid-wife will vary and could include any of the following items; broken glass, a tin lid, razor blades, knives, scissors or any other sharp object. These items usually are not sterilized before or after usage. Once the genital area for removal is gone, the child is stitched up and her legs are bound for up to two or one and half months.

This circumcision can cause various side effects on the girls which can include death, serious infections, HIV, abscesses and small benign tumors, hemorrhages, shock, clitoral cysts. The long term effects may also include kidney stones, sterility, sexual dysfunction, wary of sexual ( some times cause the girls did not marriage because of pain) depression, various urinary tract infections, various gynecological and obstetric problems.
In order to have sexual intercourse the women have to be opened up in some fashion and in some cases cutting is necessary. After child birth some women are re-infibulated to make them (tight) for their husbands. And some time that die after sexual intercourse and giving birth.

This is bad for our culture and religion, so that, we are kindly request every Somali mother not use this circumcision by respecting the health and future of their girls. This is harmful practice, so that, in other side the fathers should tray how to reduce this tragedy for girls and should be refuse to make for his daughter this circumcision or any circumcision.

Although these days there a lot of awareness about this circumcision. Many men married a lot of Sunna and non circumcised girls. They tell through the TV and Radio that the circumcised girls is better than the non circumcised girls. So that, the Number is reduced for the last decade.
Female circumcision raises numerous human right issues, including reproductive rights, the protection from violence, women's rights and especially children’s rights since most circumcisions take place on girls who are four to ten years of age. Even though there is no theological basis for the practice of FGM, it will be hard to eradicate, until we have a better understanding of the cultural beliefs.

There is psychological effects of FGM, in the personal accounts of mutilation reveal feelings of anxiety, terror, humiliation and betrayal, all of which would be likely to have long-term negative effects. Some time may hapen shock and trauma of the operation may contribute to the behaviour described as ''calmer'' and ''docile'', considered positive in society that practise female genital mutilation.

By: Amina Abdulkadir Arale

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